The article has been automatically translated into English by Google Translate from Russian and has not been edited.

Nine signs that you are beginning to age

'12.05.2021'

Source: with the BBC

"I don't know of anything that improves with age from a biological point of view." This phrase of the expert of the Spanish National Center for Cancer Research Manuel Serrano does not inspire optimism. Serrano is one of the authors of the "Signs of Aging" study, in which specialists list the main processes occurring in our body over time.

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“These are inevitable factors. They may be more or less noticeable depending on the person's lifestyle and genetics. But they always happen, ”Serrano said in an interview. Bi-bi-si.

So, here are nine factors that indicate human aging.

1. DNA damage accumulates

Our DNA is the genetic code that is passed between cells. Aging leads to an increase in the errors that can occur in the process. These errors accumulate in cells.

This phenomenon is known as genetic instability, and it is particularly common in DNA errors in stem cells, from which all other cells with specialized functions are formed.

Genetic instability can threaten the function of stem cells. When errors accumulate, these cells can become cancerous.

2. Chromosomes wear out

DNA strands have lugs that protect our chromosomes - like plastic tubes at the end of our laces.

They are called telomeres. As they age, these protective buffers wear out and chromosomes lose their protection. This means that they are incorrectly reproduced, which causes problems.

Researchers have linked the destruction of telomeres to diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis and aplastic anemia, a serious immunological disease.

However, scientists have already learned to increase levels of telomerase, an enzyme that increases telomere length.

Experiments on mice have shown that increasing the length of telomeres can prolong the life of rodents.

3. Cell behavior is disrupted

Genes are expressed in the body: thousands of genes in a particular cell determine what that cell can do - whether it can behave, for example, like a cell in the body or brain.

Time and lifestyle influences how these “instructions” are given. Cells may not behave the way they should.

4. Cells stop renewing themselves

To prevent the accumulation of damaged components in our cells, the human body is able to periodically renew its cell set.

However, this ability is lost with age, and cells begin to accumulate useless or toxic proteins - some of which lead to Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, as well as the formation of cataracts.

5. Cell metabolism is deteriorating

Over time, cells lose their ability to process substances like fats or sugars.

This can lead to the development of diabetes, because the body can no longer absorb nutrients entering the cells.

Age-related diabetes often occurs for this very reason - the body of older people is not able to process everything they eat.

6. Mitochondria stop working

The mitochondrion is a permanent component of the cell that supplies it with energy, but over the years it loses its effectiveness. Malfunctioning mitochondria can harm a person's DNA.

Some scientists say improving mitochondrial function could improve lifespan in mammals.

According to a study published in June in the scientific journal Nature, scientists managed to prevent the formation of folds in mice by improving their mitochondria.

7. Cells turn into "zombies"

If a cell is seriously damaged, then it stops working, so as not to produce new damaged cells. It does not multiply, but does not die either.

So-called zombie cells can affect nearby healthy cells and spread infection throughout the body.

The number of such cells increases over the years. In experiments with mice, removing zombie cells helped slow down the aging process.

8. Stem cells lose energy

Loss of regenerative capacity is one of the most obvious signs of aging.

Stem cells become tired and lose their ability to regenerate.

Recent research suggests that stem cell rejuvenation can slow down the signs of aging in the body.

9. Communication between cells is disrupted

Cells are in constant communication with each other, but this ability is lost over time.

This leads to inflammatory processes, which further impede intercellular communication.

As a result, cells lose sensitivity to the presence of pathogenic substances and malignant cells.

Serrano, from the Spanish Center for Cancer Research, says studying the intracellular processes of aging could help inventing new methods to slow down the overall wear and tear of human organs and tissues.

According to him, although this process is inevitable, it can be slowed down through a healthy lifestyle.

“The lives of older people today are much richer and healthier than in decades past. The best we can do is enjoy life even as we age, ”he says.

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