'Table number 5': why this diet is so popular and for what diseases it is prescribed
'20.12.2020'
Source: RBC style
What is the reason for the popularity of the diet called "Table number 5" and can it be adhered to without prescribing a doctor? Disassembled together with an expert "RBC style".
Who needs a diet "Table number 5"
Doctors prescribe this diet for patients with gallbladder, biliary tract, and liver problems, but it can also be followed by healthy people who want to start eating healthy. "Table No. 5" is one of the special numbered rations developed in 1920-1930 by Dr. M.I. Pevzner. The doctor made 15 dietary regimens, taking into account medical indications, each of which is still actively used and recommended by the Ministry of Health
What is the essence of the "Table number 5" diet
The diet maintains a high level of nutritional value by meeting the body's energy needs. Table number 5 provides for a sufficient amount of carbohydrates and proteins while reducing the amount of fat. The goal of the diet is to reduce the burden on the liver and restore the normal function of the biliary system.
The basic principle is frequent and fractional meals, ideally every three to four hours in small portions. All meals should be warm. The oil is used only as a dressing for ready meals; soups without meat are allowed (dairy, vegetable and cereal), but it is better to wipe them.
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The daily composition and energy value of dishes in the "Table No. 5" diet:
- proteins - 100 g;
- fats - 90 g (of which 1/3 are vegetable);
- carbohydrates - 300-350 (of which simple sugars - 50-60 g);
- calorie content - 2600-3000 kcal;
- daily consumption of table salt - 6-10 g;
- free liquid - up to 2 liters.
What can be done with the "Table number 5" diet
Regardless of the products chosen, you should follow the general recommendations and in no case fry the dishes, but steam, boil, bake or simmer.
- Low-fat dairy and dairy products, including cottage cheese. They contain high levels of whey protein, which can protect the liver from further damage.
- Cereals: rice, buckwheat, rolled oats and semolina. Sometimes you can eat pasta, preferably durum wheat. Whole grains are especially rich in B vitamins, and also contain niacin, thiamine, folic, phytic, and ferulic acids, lignans, and sulfur compounds.
- Vegetables - Fresh, baked or steamed. Add carrots, beets, cauliflower, tomatoes, cucumbers and zucchini to your meals.
- Fruits: Non-acidic apples, pears and bananas.
- Soft-boiled eggs or omelette. Eggs contain a lot of choline, a substance that is important for the good functioning of all cells in the body.
- Lean meat (beef) and poultry (chicken, turkey), and fish (pike perch, cod, pollock, hake).
- Bread, but only yesterday's, not fresh, and no more than 1-2 times a week. You can eat crackers and bread.
- The diet does not exclude desserts: puddings, dried fruits, jellies and casseroles with honey.
- From drinks, give preference to pure water, weak tea and coffee with milk, non-acidic juices, compotes and jelly.
What is not allowed with the "Table number 5" diet
It is important to adhere to the prohibitions on certain foods and how they are prepared:
- Exclude fried, smoked and spicy foods.
- Do not add hot sauces, mayonnaise or ketchup.
- Do not drink alcohol, strong black coffee without milk, cocoa.
- Lard, canned food, offal, fatty meats and fish are prohibited. An exception is salmon, but rarely as an appetizer rather than a main course.
- Do not eat fatty dairy products.
- From cereals, millet, barley and corn porridge are prohibited.
- It is necessary to cook without the use of meat and fish broths.
- Any fast food and sweets, sour berries and citrus fruits are prohibited.
The benefits of the diet "Table number 5"
This is the most healthy and gentle diet for most people. The main difficulty is that some dishes without frying, fat, sauces and a lot of salt and spices can seem bland. "Table No. 5" contains foods that are easy to digest without creating mechanical and chemical stress on the internal organs. The diet stimulates the normal functioning of the digestive tract and intestines, and the need to break up meals helps not to overeat and reduce portions.
Diet "Table number 5": menu for the week
Monday
Breakfast: steamed omelet with hard cheese, coffee with milk.
Lunch: soup with noodles, a slice of stale bread.
Afternoon snack: apple jelly.
Dinner: buckwheat porridge, steamed turkey cutlets, tea.
Tuesday
Breakfast: milk rice porridge, tea.
Lunch: baked vegetables, fish meatballs.
Afternoon snack: fruit jelly.
Dinner: beef meatballs with prunes.
Wednesday
Breakfast: buckwheat porridge with vegetables, compote.
Lunch: potato soup with rice, strictly without frying.
Afternoon snack: tea with biscuit biscuits.
Dinner: Peking cabbage casserole, steamed pike perch.
Thursday
Breakfast: carrot cheese cakes, coffee with milk.
Lunch: couscous with apple, celery and green beans.
Afternoon snack: tomato juice with bread.
Dinner: boiled veal tongue with rice.
Friday
Breakfast: semolina porridge with dried fruits, tea.
Lunch: bulgur with steamed vegetables.
Afternoon snack: baked apple.
Dinner: beet cutlets and squid in soy sauce.
Saturday
Breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese with banana and honey.
Lunch: whole grain pasta with tomato sauce, baked pollock.
Afternoon snack: milk pudding.
Dinner: pumpkin rice casserole.
Sunday
Breakfast: oatmeal with fruit, tea.
Lunch: vegetable puree soup, crackers.
Afternoon snack: bread and yogurt.
Dinner: steamed chicken cutlet, fresh vegetables.
Expert Commentary
- Elmira Gereeva, psychologist, nutritionist, weight and eating behavior correction consultant, head of the educational department of the School of Emotional Intelligence
As with any diet that is prescribed by the attending physician based on a specific medical condition, Table 5 is relatively limited. The word "useful" hides only one of its functions: to reduce the consumption of foods that can adversely affect the state of the body. There is no need for healthy people to follow this diet. You need to eat not "right", but balanced.
Restrictions in such a diet are built due to the fact that we are talking about the biliary system of the body. This system consists of the liver, gallbladder and ducts connecting them. Bile is a product of liver secretion. The liver secretes cholesterol, which is converted into stones. Table number 5 prescribes to reduce the amount of fat consumed. The thing is that fats, unlike proteins and carbohydrates, stimulate the production of bile much more strongly. But fats are necessary for the body, they perform many important functions. Therefore, it is wiser not to completely exclude their consumption, but to dosed and evenly distribute them over several meals.
There are many factors that contribute to the formation of stones in the gallbladder: genetic predisposition, pregnancy, obesity and rapid weight loss, an excess of flour products in the diet, an unbalanced diet with a minimum content of dietary fiber and an insufficient intake of vegetable oils.
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The example with calculations and grams should not be taken as the ultimate truth. The total daily calorie intake depends on many factors: gender, weight, age and level of physical activity. Therefore, if you apply this diet for a long time with such calculations, for someone such indicators will be correct, and for someone they may cause undesirable consequences, for example, lead to weight gain. To normalize the state, there will be enough general principles:
- eat systemically (5–6 meals);
- drink water out of thirst;
- consume the required amount of kilocalories;
- refuse to fry food;
- exclude cold dishes from the diet, while the main food can be at the usual temperature.
Diet is, first of all, temporary medical restrictions for the purpose of prevention. A person with liver and gallbladder disease should be prevented by diet therapy immediately during an exacerbation of the disease. How long it is necessary to adhere to the diet is difficult to say, since all people have a different clinical picture. In this case, an improvement in the quality of life will be the correct time indicator. As soon as the pain and heaviness in the right hypochondrium disappear, you can gradually move on to the basic principles of good nutrition, minimizing foods that can provoke a re-exacerbation.
About the benefits of the diet "Table number 5" for gastritis.
Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining. According to numerous studies, diet and nutrition in general do not play an important role in the onset of this ailment. Only in a small number of cases, an exacerbation can be caused by certain foods, alcohol or taking dietary supplements. About 50% of the population suffers from chronic gastritis, but only a small proportion, 10-15%, seek help. The most common type of gastritis is caused by an infection with the Helicobacter bacteria. It is necessary to engage in treatment and solve the cause, otherwise you can suffer throughout your life.
I do not recommend a specific diet for weight loss. A comprehensive and adaptive approach is important for losing weight. We are all different, each of us has our own taste preferences, capabilities and eating habits. Unreasonable restrictions will only harm, not contribute to long-term weight loss. Excessive restrictions can trigger an eating disorder. Obesity is a chronic relapsing disease. This fact is worth accepting. In order to reduce weight and maintain the result, you need not a one-time action in the form of short-term diet therapy, but a comprehensive modernization of your lifestyle. Moreover, against the background of a low-calorie diet (≤800 kcal per day), the risk of gallstones is increased.
When it comes to nutritional supplements, superfoods, and more, it is worth understanding for what purpose it appears in the diet. If to improve health, then it is important to understand that nutritional supplements cannot serve as a drug. That is, if you see a cocktail somewhere that guarantees comfortable digestion in case of your illness, this is just a marketing ploy. The manufacturers have no reason to guarantee you will relieve symptoms. Protein shakes, bars, and other sports nutrition are allowed and safe, but only at the indicated dosages.
The material is published for informational purposes only, does not constitute medical advice and does not replace medical advice. ForumDaily Woman is not responsible for any diagnosis made by the reader based on the site's materials, as well as for the consequences of self-medication, and may not share the point of view of the author or expert.
