5 stunning discoveries in modern science made by women
'01.07.2019'
Source: Forbes
Women in the field of science and technology are traditionally in the minority - and the more noticeable their achievements. At the beginning of April 2019, a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Kathryn Bowman became known to the whole world because she was able to capture a black hole. What other significant discoveries and inventions have been made by women over the past 20 years - in the material Forbes.
Katherine Bowman
After graduating from the MA at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2013, she decided to continue her scientific career and enrolled in graduate school. Four years later, she defended her thesis on the topic “Extreme shooting through the inversion of a physical model: looking around the corner and building images of black holes.”
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A black hole is a region of space-time with a huge gravitational attraction; even objects moving at the speed of light cannot leave it. No one has ever succeeded in capturing a black hole, and knowledge about it was only in theory. 29-year-old PhD Catherine Bowman advocates the idea that a black hole has a shadow, which is a cloud of heated gases, so you can capture it in a picture. The distance to the photographed black hole is about 50 million light years, the picture was taken using eight telescopes that were located on different continents. Together with the team, the girl was able to convert the data obtained on the Event Horizon project (telescopes collected high-frequency radio waves from a black hole, but they were steep). It was Bowman who developed the algorithm, thanks to which it was possible to combine all the photos by getting a single image. She worked on him for six years.
Kristina Tsvetanova
While studying at the Sofia Technical University, Kristina Tsvetanova saw her blind classmate working on a bulky keyboard with Braille alphabet (an alphabet built using a relief-tactile tactile font intended for writing and reading by blind and visually impaired people). Then the idea was born to make a convenient tablet from which you can read by touch. In 2012, she began her project and became the CEO and co-founder of Blitab. The company's slogan is “Feeling get visible”, which means “feelings become visible”. Blitab is the world's first tablet that converts any text into braille text in real time. Small dots rise on the surface of the device, and then fall as the text changes. Also, using the device, the user can "see" various images. The cost price of the tablet will be about $ 500.
In 2017, Tsvetanova received an EU award for female innovators up to 30 years.
Petra Wodstrom
Petra Vodstrom hails from Sweden and received her education at the Karolinska Institute of Biochemical and Medical Research. At the beginning of 1990, she moved with her family to Australia and was amazed at the abundance and intensity of natural sunlight. The girl thought about how it can be used to improve the lives of those who live in poverty.
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She invented a water heater that works exclusively on solar energy, so the woman solves the problem of lack of drinking water in the third world countries. In 2013, she founded the Solvatten charity foundation. Then she met with the then current US President Barack Obama, who was shown by Solvatten. Now 260 is used by 000 people in 20 countries around the world.
Shafi Goldwasser
Shafi Goldswasser was born in New York, graduated from Carnegie Mellon University, and later received her Ph.D. in computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she remained to teach. In 2012, she was awarded the Turing Prize, the most prestigious award in the field of informatics, along with her colleague Professor Silvio Mikali.
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The award was awarded for innovative work on probabilistic encryption (including, for the first probabilistic cryptosystem with a public key). The work of scientists is aimed at solving such important problems as protecting data from viewing, ensuring the safety of actions on the Internet.
Dina Katabi
Dina Katabi was born in Syria and graduated from undergraduate degree at the University of Damascus. She received her master's and Ph.D. degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she still works. Katabi is engaged in innovative mobile and wireless technologies. The MIT team set out to see through the walls, for this it used Wi-Fi radio signals. As a result of the work of the group under the leadership of Dina Katabi, it became possible to see the position of the body and the movement of a person behind the wall - the RF-Pose system processes the radiation reflected from objects and builds an 3D scan of what is hidden to the human eye. Scientists suggest that this development can help in finding people who survived the crash, and will also be useful in monitoring the elderly who need medical supervision. At the same time, patients do not need to wear any sensors and devices.
